Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C). In a large skillet over medium heat, cook Italian sausage until fully browned, breaking it into crumbles.
Add bell peppers, onion, and garlic to the skillet. Sauté until vegetables are softened and fragrant.
Stir in diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, Italian seasoning, salt, and black pepper. Simmer for 3–5 minutes.
Transfer the sausage mixture to a greased oven-safe casserole dish and spread evenly.
Top with shredded mozzarella cheese. Bake uncovered for 25–30 minutes until cheese is melted and bubbly.
Let casserole rest for 5 minutes before serving.